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                               %LEARNING CONFIDENCE 770316

     Learning  involves  as  an  essential   feature   the
development  of  confidence  in  the knowledge  and skills
acquired.   This  confidence  has at  least  two  aspects.
Firstly,   the  student must come to trust the reliability
and value of the knowledge and skills.   If they  are  not
honestly  perceived as trustworthy and valuable,  they are
not likely  to  be retained.    Thus  one  aspect  of  the
educator's  role  is  that  of  transmitting  a  sense  of
trustworthiness and  value  regarding  the  focus  of  the
study.   It  is impossible to separate education regarding
values from education relating to knowledge and skills. If
separation is attempted, education degrades into training.
Those  teachers  who  pretend  not  to be transmitting and
covert values ---  are doing so in covert ways  which  are
not as open to  students  analysis  and judgement  ---  as
would  be  the  case were the  education  more  overt  and
honest.

     A second aspect of learning confidence relates to the
development within the student of self confidence ---trust
in self's ability to exercise  the knowledge and skills in
meaningful ways.  Knowledge and skills are of little value
to a student who is inhibited by self-doubt and a  general
low  estimation of self.   Thus  a  second aspect  of  the
educator's  roles  is  that of promoting  the  development
within students of legitimate  self-confidence.  This will
necessitate  guiding  students through  properly sequenced
learning   experiences   in  keeping  with  the  student's
developmental  stages,   learning  abilities,   interests,
personal  motivations and cultural contexts.   Unrealistic
expectations will generate defeat,  failure,   frustration
and undermine the student's self-confidence.  Teachers who
emphasize  high standards in isolation ---   thus  tend to
undermine  the  educational  process for all but an  elite
group of students.

     To promote learning confidence the focus must be upon
the student as a whole person, not just upon the knowledge
and skills.   For this reason specialization in  knowledge
and  skills is a poor preparation for education.   Such  a
specialist tends to have been  taught  to  value knowledge
and  skills too exclusively ---  and so tends  to  exclude
promoting learning confidence from the educational process
of  most   students.    Effective preparation  for  future
educators must include  helping them relate to students as
whole persons.

                                                                                                                               
                         (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in      
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