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                                        %JUDGEMENTS 761127

     Justice is not served by appointing as judge a member
of  a  culture  quite different than the  culture  of  the
defendant.     Justice  is  best  served  by  judges   who
understand the perspectives and motives of the sub-culture
of  which  the defendant is a member.    Absence  of  such
understanding  is  likely to result in the  punishment  of
normative   behavior  which  is  non-violent  and  perhaps
loving.   The judge of one culture may pass judgement upon
normal  cultural  differences,  rather than  upon  violent
deviance  of individual behavior.   The situation is quite
ambiguous when  the members of a sub-culture  are mixed in
within  a  broader  culture  and  there  is  an  essential
conflict between two or more cultures.  It is difficult to
define what constitutes justice in such a situation.

     Cultures  may  differ  from each other by  virtue  of
geography,   religious training,  age,  sex,   educational
specialization, sexual preference, technical/non-technical
preference,  and many other considerations.  Regardless of
the  nature of the cultural differences,  injustice may be
occasioned  by  judgments  which are colored  by  lack  of
familiarity  with the sub-culture of the defendant.   Thus
the  cause  of justice will be served by taking  steps  to
promote  cross-cultural  familiarity wherever  peoples  of
different cultures inter-mingle with each other to such an
extent  that  they  may violate each other in one  way  or
another.

     One of the less obvious instances of the above is the
inter-mingling  of  technical  and  non-technical  people.
Often persons of one culture pass judgment upon persons of
the  complementary culture---without awareness  that  they
are  members of contrasting cultures.   In the absence  of
that  awareness the resulting injustice cannot be reduced.
Thus  it  is  important that people become  aware  of  the
nature of the technical  culture and non-technical culture
found within virtually every sub-culture.   Only when this
awareness is shared mutually will it be possible to  avoid
many of the injustices which commonly occur due to  cross-
cultural judgments.
                                                                                                                               
                         (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in      
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