This-essay is a8010261.htm which is available at the web-site www.essayz.com. See more notes at the bottom. Previous-Essay <== This-Essay ==> Following-Essay By-Months By-Years By-Words Webs of Like-&-Un-Like ESSAYS <==> Like-&-UN-Like This-One ========================================================== %SCIENCE VS SCIENTISTS 801026 Science is an abstraction which is not directly experienced in any personal way. Scientists are experienced in personal ways and participate in personal relationships. To try to understand science as an abstraction present some great difficulties, because it cannot be directly experienced, and there is not theory indicating how the abstraction is related to the scientists. It might be more fruitful to focus more attention upon scientists, and less upon the abstraction "science" is. It would be difficult to focus attention upon scientists and their behavior and at the same time give little attention to their professional activities, their ideas, their writings, etc. A program of study guided by an interest in the behavior of scientists is bound to be more inclusive than a program of study guided by an interest in "science". The development of "science" is defined by the choices of people; their choices depend upon their perceptions of alternatives and their desires and emotional lives; their perceptions of alternatives depend upon their cognitive and affective development---which in turn depend upon cultural contexts, etc. A study of the development of "science" will be more likely to succeed if it takes place in a broad rather than a narrow perceptual framework. To narrow the perceptual framework to only the cognitive content of the publications of scientists is unlikely to be helpful. Perhaps we will not learn to understand "science" until we learn to understand the behavior of scientists as people within their cultural and sub-cultural contexts---having cognitive, emotional, family, economic, religious, political, and other lives. Can "science" as an abstraction be grounded in anything else than such lives of scientists? What other source of data can there possibly be? Why should the data be drawn only from the cognitive lives of scientists? Is it helpful to presume that "science" can be real independently of the lives of scientists as whole persons? If so, in what way? (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in www.essayz.com Search for Integrity and Honesty (On Being Yourself, Whole and Healthy) ==========================================================
Lines beginning with a percent sign are KEYWORDS for use in ESSAY-System Searches. Their terminal digits are dates of writing in the format @yymmdd#, where @ = a means 99, @ = b means 20, and # = is a within-date essay-count. Links to date-adjacent essays are near page top & bottom.
Find the following links by clicking on CENTER when CENTER near the top or bottom of a web page of essayz.com 1. Go to HOME PAGE of essayz.com 2. Find brief-essays via keywords 3. Find brief-essay about ADDICTION 4. Search-Helps related to ABOVE-LINK 5. GoTo Action & Information Center 6. Find Regular-Essays via Year/Month 7. Find Regular-Essays via Word-Starts 8. Find Regular-Essay about LOVE
This-essay is a8010261.htm which is available at the web-site www.essayz.com. These 5 lines echo top lines. Previous-Essay <== This-Essay ==> Following-Essay By-Months By-Years By-Words Webs of Like-&-Un-Like ESSAYS <==> Like-&-UN-Like This-One