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%CULTURE VS INSTINCTS 771121
roups of
people wisely direct their members' instinctual
motivations to fulfill their most basic needs. At its
worst, culture occasions violence by blocking individual
efforts to fulfill essential needs. Wise culture
facilitates expression of instinctual motivation in ways
which build community; violent culture inhibits expression
of instinctual motivation in ways which dam community and
occasion violent individual efforts to escape the
violations of instinctual motivations. Wise culture
accepts instinctual motivation and gives it direction in
expression; violent culture rejects instinctual motivation
and attempts to prevent its expression.
Culture is the means by which groups of people
attempt to control instinctual motivation. As means
culture involves many techniques for giving direction or
inhibiting instinctual motivation. Culture involves both
subjective and objective technologies as means to control
instinctual motivation. Cultures differ according to their
relative emphasis upon facilitation or inhibition of self
expression on the one hand, and their relative emphasis
upon subjective or objective technologies on the other
hand. The type of technology which is dominant pertains
to both the control of instinctual motivation and to the
kinds of means used by members of the community in solving
the practical daily problems of food supply, food
preparation, waste disposal, clothing, shelter,
transportation, amusement, resource management, relational
management, education, etc.
Cultures differ according to which instinctual
motivations are facilitated and which are inhibited.
Cultural variety originates in the various mixes of such
facilitations and inhibitions---open cultures tending
towards facilitations and closed cultures tending towards
inhibitions. Closed cultures tend towards the inhibition
of instinctive communications, and by violating individual
instincts to communicate occasion violent rebellions
against the inhibition of communicative instincts. Closed
cultures become preoccupied with inhibitions and
rebellions, and so with violence and the instincts which
are violated. The rebellions justify the inhibitions, and
vice versa. Closed cultures need to communicate with open
cultures to discover how to direct, rather than repress,
instinctual motivations.
(c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in
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