This-essay is a7309043.htm which is available at the web-site www.essayz.com. See more notes at the bottom. Previous-Essay <== This-Essay ==> Following-Essay By-Months By-Years By-Words Webs of Like-&-Un-Like ESSAYS <==> Like-&-UN-Like This-One ========================================================== %AGGRESSION WITHOUT VIOLENCE 730904 Scientists manipulate the objects of their investigation in order to be able to observe responses under varied circumstances. Via such manipulation, objective observation, and analysis; the systematic analysis of cause and effect is realized. Only persons who are emotionally capable of aggressive action can effectively take part in such manipulative programs of research. The approach is not in the modality of "I- Thou", but rather in the modality of "I-It". Not all persons are willing and/or able to be so manipulative towards objects and/or others. Science instruction includes passing on to the new generation an aggressive approach towards objects of analysis. Some students fail to participate in aggressive behavior, and so fail to become scientists. The natural selection process which operates favors the survival of individuals who are more aggressive, rather than less. Thus, there is a feed-back loop which operates to intensify the aggressive characteristics of successive generations of scientists. Other factors may operate to negate the effectiveness of that feed-back loop, but there is no guarantee in the nature of reality to insure their operation. They depend upon the decisions and actions of real persons engaged in political action. It is the nature of man to manipulate and analyze, and so to be aggressive in that sense. Some aggression violates the integrity of the object under analysis, and of the analyzer. In such instances the aggression is in its expression violent, in that it violates an other. There is no essential reason why aggression need violate an other. Aggression tends to express itself in violent ways when self is estranged; then violence maybe a compulsive effort to enter into relationship---when intimate relationships are impossible. In violence, self and other are in relationship more so than in tangential responses or in mutual indifference and mutual ignorance. Thus violence may be regarded as an effort at reunion, although it may be a self-defeating effort. The technocrat is estranged from self and other, and so is likely to express aggression in violent ways, manipulating self and others via techniques which violate integrity---while presuming to develop a program which will insure human fulfillment. For this reason it will be helpful to seek ways in which technically competent persons may be helpful in expressions of aggression without violence. (c) 1999 by Paul A. Smith in GO: essayz.com "Search for Integrity and Honesty" (On Being Yourself, Whole and Healthy) ==========================================================
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