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           %PREVENTING UNEARNED SUCCESS AFFIRMATION 790405

     Some  teachers make their top priority the prevention
of affirmation of unearned successes.    They fear that  a
student  will receive an  affirmation which  has  not been
earned---a  terrible dishonesty.    They  devise  ways  of
maintaining  standards  to assure that only  genuine  hard
working  students  are affirmed  for successful work,  and
withhold affirmations in cases of doubt.  They  feel it is
better  not  to affirm a student in need  of  affirmation,
than to affirm a student who has not earned an affirmation
through  successful  effort.    They err on  the  side  of
withholding  affirmations,   for it is a crime  to  affirm
somebody who has not earned an affirmation.

     Certification of students  will become meaningless if
unsuccessful students receive affirmations.   Standards of
certification must thus  be maintained if certification is
to be meaningful.   Educators thus seek  to make education
meaningful by practicing cautious certification.   Through
their efforts  they  fall  into the habit of  being stingy
with  personal affirmations  of  their  students;   giving
little  praise,   encouragement,   support,   recognition,
acknowledgement---for such are regarded as premature until
the   student   has  been  successful.    Judgment   about
certification must not be biased by premature affirmations
of the students   as persons.  Judgment is suspended until
the  end  of the period of instruction  and  an  objective
judgment may be made about how successful the student  has
been.  In this way  the  certification can be a meaningful
act,    even  if  the  educational  process  has  been   a
meaningless one.

     For  success is to be certified in an  objective  way
the process of measuring success must be objective.   Thus
affirmations  of students must  be  based  upon  objective
criteria.   Students are to be measured objectively before
they  are affirmed through certification.   Thus,  in  the
interests of objective certification  teachers  must avoid
subjective  affirmations  of students which might bias the
terminal  objective judgment of the student---with respect
to objective certification criteria.

     Teachers are to certify their own success in teaching
students.   They should not be so presumptuous  as to pass
judgment  upon  the  success of  the  students'   previous
teachers,   or to pass judgment  upon  students'   efforts
outside authorized  learning  centers.   Thus new students
are  not  to  be  affirmed  as persons in the  absence  of
reliable objective evidence.

                                                                                                                               
                         (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in      
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