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                                 %MORAL INDIGNATION 781030

     The  manner  which  cases  of  moral  indignation are
handled has a profound effect upon the presence or absence
of  a  climate of freedom of inquiry,  speech,   dialogue,
listening,    press,    political   descent,     political
participation,   etc.  If emotionally immature people,  by
becoming morally indignant,  bring pressures to bear  upon
the  life-styles  of nonconformists,  then freedom  is  in
great danger.  Thus moral indignation should be dealt with
very carefully.

     First,   facts should be gathered as to which  people
are  morally  indignant;   which  people  are  willing  to
publicly testify  to  their  moral  indignation  and lodge
public  complaint  against  those  who  occasioned   their
becoming indignant.   If disturbed people are unwilling to
give public testimony  regarding their indignation,   they
should not be  taken seriously---because they may  wish to
gain revenge in secret in an unfair way which would not be
subject  to   checks  regarding  the  accuracy  of   their
testimony.    Private  moral  indicating  is  not adequate
grounds for punishment of those accused of occasioning the
indignation.   It is important to require a willingness to
give public testimony  people  claiming  grounds for moral
indignation.

     Secondly  it is important to determine what occasions
the moral indignation: emotional immaturity on the part of
the indignant persons,  inaccuracy in stories told in good
faith, malicious gossip,  intentionally set-up situations,
efforts to gain revenge,  tangential efforts to discourage
non-conformal behavior  by harassment,   private  behavior
which  is  non-conformal,  public behavior  which  is non-
conformal,   intentionally  offensive   public   behavior,
accidentally  offensive  public  behavior,   etc.    It is
important to identify all the factors which  contribute to
the moral  indignation---lest a minor contributor  to  the
indignation  be  sacrificed as a scape goat to relieve the
indignant people  and  make them feel  better  for  having
punished somebody upon whom guilt has been placed.

     Finally,   before punishing somebody  for occasioning
moral  indignation  it  is  important  to  show  beyond  a
reasonable  doubt  that the accused person's  behavior has
violated specific persons' constitutional,  legal,  and/or
contractual  rights,  doing so in terms of legal documents
agreed to prior to the alleged offensive behavior.

                                                                                                                               
                         (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in      
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