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%SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE EXPERIENCE DESCRIPTION AUTHORITY+960825
%HEISENBERG UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE WAVE PARTICLE DUO 960825

    Science pertains to knowledge.

     Objective science  pertains to knowledge  of  objects
approached  objectivity  and viewed from  a  distance with
detachment,   even  though  through  human  manipulations.
Objective  science minimizes participation on  a  personal
level in uniquely personal relationships.

     Reflexive science pertains to knowledge of our selves
and communities approached  personally  and  known through
intimate  personal  relationships  which are  as  free  of
systematic bias as is possible for us.   Reflexive science
entails  participation  on a personal  level  in  uniquely
personal relationships.

     Objective  science  seeks to minimize uncertainty  by
the elimination of  subjective/personal  bias.    It seeks
consensus  among  properly trained people using  a  common
language and set of protocols.

     Reflexive  science  seeks to minimize uncertainty  by
the  reduction  of  alienation,   estrangement,   personal
ignorance and  personal  prejudice.    It seeks to promote
open and honest  dialogue  in intimate relationships where
people freely share gifts of security known as the freedom
to be safely vulnerable.

     Integrative science seeks to minimize uncertainty  by
the  integration  of  the  approaches  and  advantages  of
objective science and reflexive  science.   Uncertainty is
not  eliminated;   just minimized.   When  uncertainty  is
minimized  there   is  still  objective  uncertainty   and
reflexive   uncertainty;  in keeping with  the  Heisenberg
Uncertainty  Principle  in   physics,    when we  we  have
minimized   the  uncertainty  about   the   position   and
motion  of  a particle we still do not know exactly  where
and how fast it is moving.

     The social sciences have evolved in the light of  the
objective  sciences---and  have  sought to rely  upon  the
approaches  and methods of the objective  sciences.    For
that reason the have  often failed to shed much light upon
reflexive  realities  and relationships.   Too  often  the
focus  has been exclusively upon the objective aspects  of
human relationships; aspects which can be measured.

     In ancient  times  natural  philosophy  focused  upon
authoritative   statements   of   the  great   philosopher
Aristotle---whose  teachings  dominated western  teachings
for  two  thousand  years.    The focus was upon  what  an
authority had taught.

     The modern scientific revolution grew out of shifting
the  focus away from what an authority had taught to  what
people have observed,  described and agreed upon as  being
common  to  their  experiences.   The focus  shifted  from
authoritative   statements  to  authoritative  methods  of
experimentation and analysis.

     It used  to be that authorities prescribed  what  was
true,   right,   proper  and  correct.    The   scientific
revolution shifted attention away from such  authoritative
prescriptions    to   focus   instead   upon   existential
descriptions  of what people have experienced,   observed,
perceived  and shared in common---with the emphasis  being
upon the objective realm.

     Objective science focuses attention upon descriptions
in  the  objective  realm.   Morality,   ethics  and  many
religions have focused attention upon prescriptions in the
realm of reflexive relationships.   Perhaps it is time  to
focus  attention upon integrative science  which  includes
descriptions   of  reflexive  relationships  and  how   to
integrate  such descriptions with descriptions of elements
and relationships in the objective realm.  Descriptions of
existential   experiences   of  reflexive  realities   and
relationships  may  be  more helpful  than  prescriptions,
proscriptions  and  judgments made about such  existential
experiences  of  reflexive  realities  and  relationships.
Participants  in reflexive collusive games of mutual  self
deception will object to people exposing their dishonesty,
and  so will object to any attempt to develop any kind  of
integrative   science  which  includes  open  and   honest
dialogue about reflexive experiences.

                                                                                                                               
                         (c) 2005 by Paul A. Smith in      
                    (On Being Yourself, Whole and Healthy)  
                                                                                                                               
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